Saturday, February 29, 2020

EXAM POINTS FOR NEET BIOLOGY


1. Ustilago has haplontic life cycle.
2. T.O. Diener discovered a: Free infectious RNA              called viriodes
3. Mannitol is the stored food in Fucus
4. Equisetum  is a vascular cryptogam

5. Phylogenetic system of classification is based on Evolutionary relationships
6. Aschelminthes (round worms),annelid,arthropoda,mollusca and chordates are          bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic.
7. Peripatus is a connecting link between Annelida and Arthropoda
8. ) Lampreys and hag fishes comprises ‘jawless vertebrates.
9. If a live earthworm is prickled with a needle on its outer surface without damaging its gut the fluid that comes out is coelomic fluid   .
10. Plasmodesmata are connections between adjacent cells
11. Stroma in the chloroplasts of higher plant contains light-independent reaction enzymes
12. Synapsis occurs between two homologous chromosomes during zygotene stage.                    
13. Middle lamella is composed mainly of Calcium pectate          
14.  Cytoskeleton is made up of Proteinaceous filaments
15. The cell junctions called tight, adhering and gap junctions are found in Epithelial tissue
16. The kind of tissue that forms the supportive structure in our pinna (external ears) is also found in Tip of the nose is cartilage.
17. Ciliated epithelial tissue present on the inner surface of bronchioles and fallopian tubes .
 18. Genetic code is unambiguous,a  codon in mRNA is read in a in contiguous fashion. It is nearly universal. It is degenerate
19. Removal of introns and joining the exons in a define order in a transcription unit is called Splicing
20.semiconservative replication of DNA was first demonstrate in  Escherichia coli by Messelson and Stahl and in Vicia faba by Taylor.
21. Nirenberg and Mathaei cracked the DNA and discovered unequivocally that a genetic code is a “triplet.
22. Point mutation involves change in single base pair  
23. In the case of peppered moth (Bistonbetularia) the black-coloured form became dominant over the
            light-colored form in England during industrial revolution. This is an example of natural
 selection whereby the darker forms were selected.
               
24. Sickle cell anemia is aused by a change in a single base pair of DNA.Gag coding or glutamicacid changes to GUG coding or valine.
25. The most popularly known blood grouping is the ABO grouping. It is named ABO and not ABC, because “O” in it refers to having no antigens A and B on RBCs.
26. Baldness is a sex-influenced trait. Linkage is an exception to the principle of independent assortment in heredity.Galactosemia is an inborn error of metabolism.Small population size results in random genetic drift in a population
27.Cotyledons and testa respectively are edible parts in ground nut and pomegranate
28. An example of a seed with endosperm, perisperm, and caruncle is: Castor    .
29. Guard cells help in transpiration. Guttation is when a plant pushes water out through tips of the leaves of plants. These are special pores called hydathodes.
30. Manganese is required in photolysis of water during photosynthesis
31. Oxygenic photosynthesis occurs in  Oscillatoria.
32.  Fruit developed from hypanthodium inflorescence is called Syconus
33. The annular and spirally thickened conducting elements generally develop in the protoxylem when the root or stem is maturing.
34. Lemon is an example of axile placentation .
35.In barley stem vascular bundles are closed and scattered.
36. Aerobic respiratory pathway is appropriately termed amphibolic
37. Palisade parenchyma is absent in leaves of  sorghum               .
38. Reduction in vascular tissue, mechanical tissue and cuticle is characteristic of hydrophytes.  
39. Anatomically fairly old dicotyledonous root is distinguished from the dicotyledonous stem by
position of protoxylem .
40. Cyclic photophosphorylation results in the formation of  ATP.
41. In a standard ECG  the P-wave represents the electrical excitation (or depolarisation) of the atria, which leads to the contraction of both the atria.
    The QRS complex represents the depolarisation of the ventricles, which initiates the ventricular contraction.
    The T-wave represents the return of the ventricles from excited to normal state (repolarisation) and the end of the T-wave marks the end of systole.
42. Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous component of the excretory products ofinsects,rep[tiles and birds.
43. Fat and cellulose in humans reaches the stomach totally undigested.
44. Iris – Involuntary smooth muscle,Heart wall -  Involuntary cardiac muscle, Biceps of upper arm – Striatedmuscle fibres. Abdominal wall – Striated muscle
45. Compared to blood our lymph has more WBCs and no RBCs
46. If  the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed  there will be no micturition.
47. Hypothalamus of human brain is concerned with the regulation of body temperature.
48. A young infant may be feeding entirely on mother’s milk which is white in colour but the stools which the infant passes out is quite yellowish. What is this yellow colour due to bile pigments passed through bile juice.
49. Globulins contained in human blood plasma are primarily involved in defence mechanisms of body
50. Seminal plasma in humans is rich in Fructose, calcium and certain enzymes
51. Cytosine, uracil, thiamine – Pyrimidines. Malleus, incus, stappes – Ear ossicles.Ilium, ischium, pubis – Coxal bones of pelvic girdle.Actin, myosin, troponin and tropomyosin. – Muscle proteins
52. About 30% of starch is hydrolyzed by salivary amylase in our mouth. Oxyntic cells in our stomach secrete the Hcl.Fructose and amino acids are absorbed through intestinal mucosa with the help of carrier  ions like Na+.Chylomicrons are small lipoprotein particles that are transported from intestine into lacteals.
53. Transpiration and root pressure cause water to rise in plants by pulling and pushing it, respectively
54. Elbow joint is an example of hinge joint,
55. Heterospory is considered important in the development of seed habit.
56. NAA is a synthetic auxin .
57. Abscisic acid is a derivative of carotenoids.
58. Vegetative propagation in mint occurs by sucker.
59.Pinus is monoecious.
60. Foetal ejection reflex in human female is induced by full developed foetus and placenta.
61. Menstruation             : Breakdown of endoometrium and ovum not fertilized.Ovulation : LH  attain peak level .Proliferative      phase    : Rapid regeneration of endoometrium and maturation of Graafian follicle.Development of   corpus luteum-Secretory phase and increased secretion of progesterone
62. Fertilization of the ovum is the most likely root cause why menstruation is not taking place in regularly cycling human female.
63. The correct sequence of spermatogenetic stages leading to the formation of sperms in a mature human testis is: Spermatogonia –  Spermatocyte – Spermatid – Sperms
64.A change in the amount of yolk and its distribution in the egg will affect the pattern of cleavage.
65. When breast feeding is replaced by less nutritive food low in proteins and calories; the infants below the age of one year are likely to suffer from: Marasmus
66. Fishes occupy more than one trophic level in a pond ecosystem.
68.Montreal protocol aims at reduction of ozone depleting substances
69. Chipko movement was launched for the protection of forests. The Chipko movement, or Chipko Andolan, was a forest conservation movement in India. It began in 1970s in Uttarakhand, then a part of Uttar Pradesh(at the foothills of Himalayas) and went on to become a rallying point for many future environmental movements all over the world.
70. The correct sequence of plants in a hydrosere is Volvox → Hydrila → Pistia → Scirpus→ Lantana Oak
71. Steps taken by Government of India to control air pollution include:Use of non-polluting Compressed Natural gas (CNG) only has fuel by all buses and trucks
72. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in a river water increases when sewage gets mixed with river water.
73. DDT residues are rapidly passed through food chain causing bio magnification because DDT is liposoluble.
74. Global agreement in specific control strategies to reduce the release of ozone depleting substances, was adopted by the Montreal protocol.
75. Somaclones are obtained by tissue culture
76. Root knot of vegetables – Meloidogynesp. Late blight of potato – Phytophthora infestans. Black rust to wheat – pucciniagraminis .Loose smut of wheat - Ustilagonuda
77. Bacillus thuringiensis,Trichoderma harzianum and Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) are used as biopepesticide.
78. Zea mays species select for the production of bioethanol.Jatropha for biodiesel.       
79. Frankia and rhizobium  are symbiotic nitrogen fixes.
 80. A health disorder that results from the deficiency of thyroxine in adults and characterized by (i) a low metabolic rate, (ii) increase in body weight and (iii) tendency to retain water in tissue is Myxoedema
81. Malignant tumours may exhibit metastasis.Benign tumours does not show the  the property of metastasis
82. smallpox.the common cold ,  measles, mumps, rubella, chicken pox,  shingles, hepatitis,herpes and cold sores, polio, rabies ,Ebola and AIDS are viral diseases.
 . 83. A person likely to develop tetanus is immunized by administering Preformed antibodies
84. Use of anti-histamines and steroids give a quick relief from allergy.
85. Alzhimer disease in humans is associated with the deficiency of: Acetylchlorine
86. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is commonly used in transfer of foreign DNA into crop plants.
87. The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used in contemporary biology as insecticide.
88. Textile – amylase- Detergents – lipase-Fruit juice – pectinase
89. Polyethylene glycol method is used for Gene transfer without a vector
90. Transgenic plants are the ones generated by introducing foreign DNA in to a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell.
91. Bt toxin is a inactive protoxin gets converted into active form in the insect gut.
92. The genetic defect- adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency may be cured permanently by) Introducing bone marrow cells producing ADA into cells at early embryonic stages .
93. There is no DNA in Mature RBCs.
94. The letter T in T-lymphocyte refers to thymus.
95. Lion  a resident in Gir national park?
96. The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar function. This is an example of Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
97. Accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints causes their inflammation called gout.
98. A phosphoglyceride is always made up of A saturated or unsaturated fatty acid esterified to a glycerol molecule to which a  phosphate group is also attached.
99. Perisperm differs from endosperm in being a diploid tissue
100. A sedentary sea anemone gets attached to the shell lining of hermit crab. The association is: commensalism

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