Career after Plus two -Science stream (XII)

CAREERS IN ENGINEERING

AVIATION

Introduction
An ideal cabin attendant is sociable with a naturally warm and pleasant personality and someone who can meet passengers’ needs through sincere yet professional service.
Two distinct sectors: Commercial and Military sectors are present. Regulations for the commercial aviation industry is determined by the apex body, Directory General of Civil
Aviation in India (DGCA).
Working Conditions
 Pilots spend long hours on flight decks in a seated position.Pilots involve great responsibility both for the safety of theaircraft and safety of the passengers and crew.
Personality
Agility, stamina and good health are vital to attend to the stressful duties for long hours. Requires presence of mind, courage, physical fitness, determination, due to the risks which flying involves. They need to be self-confident and at east working with other people.
Air hostesses must have a need appearance. They require a polite, pleasant and tactful manner with the ability to put people at east also described as ‘service aptitude’.
Aircraft engineers must be able to work in all types of weather conditions. Ability to work as a team is needed
Work Options

Air Hostess
Meteorologist (Interprets Weather Data)
Commercial Airlines, Air services, Air Taxi
Military Air Force
Pilots, Flight Attendants, Flight Despatchers, Flight
Schedulers, Ground Crew, Flight Engineer
Engineers & Technical Division
Marketing Advertisements
Finance
Fashion Designers Crew dress designers

Security/Safety Department
Air Flow Control
Ticketing/Commercial
Work Options
Communication Officers
Aerodrome Officers
Airworthiness Officers
 Airport Mangers & Administrative Managers

Courses

• Student Pilot License
– Only Oral Exam
– 10th Standard & 16 Years Age
• Private Pilot License
– Initial Flying Training
– Theory Exam

– 60 Hours Flying

Courses, Institutes

• Commercial Pilot License
– 250 Hours Flying
– +2 with Maths & Physics
• Commercial Helicopter Pilots License
– 40 Hours Flying
• Aircraft Mechanics
– B.Sc + 2 Years Practical Experience
– +2 with Diploma in Aircraft Maintenance Engg
• Air Traffic Controller
– Engineering degree in Electronic/Radio/Telecom
• Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Academy (IGRUA) – B.Sc (Aviation)
• MIT, Madras– B.Tech from B.Sc or M.Tech

SHIPPING INDUSTRY

Introduction

• Shipping can be categorized into three work segments:
1. The first area has shipping companies, which have an administrative set up manned with personnel who take care of the logistics, and the general documentation required by the industry.
2. There are vessels which move passengers and cargo and have on board the ships crew who are responsible for its running on the scheduled routes and for overseeing and liasoning the loading and
offloading operations while the ship is docked.
3. The third area of work is at the docks and ports where the ships are loaded and unloaded and all documentations and other formalities are completed.
Personality
• Working on docks and ports is not quite an easy task. Need to
 work in open most of the time. Noisy and dusty environment
Courses & Work Area
• Traffic Clerks
• Stevedores & Superintendents
– Loading and Unloading
– Physical Labour
• Dip in Shipping Management
• Job starts from deck engineer and heads towards chief
engineer. Promotion is handled with exams conducted by
Directorate General of Shipping, Mumbai
Institutes
• Academy of Maritime Education and Training (AMET) University
• Indian Maritime University, Vishakapatnam OR Chennai OR Kolkata - B.Sc. (Nautical Science), B. Tech. (Naval architecture & Ocean Engineering), B. Tech. (Marine Engineering), B.Sc. (Maritime Science)

• Alagappa University - MBA in Shipping

ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE & CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 

Introduction

• Specific area of study and work which deals with design, plan of buildings and structures. Architects belong to a profession where dreams and sweat are blended with material to erect
milestones of human civilization and prosperity.
Working Conditions
• They mostly work at their offices but occasionally go for site review.

Personality

• Keen intelligence and many of the aptitudes and interests found in businessman, creative artists and scientists should be present in an aspirant for this field.
Introduction
• Landscape architects have to coordinate their work with engineers, architects, city officials, zonal experts real estate agents and horticulturists to develop a complete understanding of the job.
• Naval architects are trained to design, plan, construct and maintain all structures made and used on the seas. At the coast, ports, dockyards, oil platforms and loading mechanism etc. have to be constructed.
Personality
• An aptitude for problem solving, interest in structures and out of doors work, a tough physique, ability to visualise multidimensional structures, spatial relationships, love for  mathematical and scientific problem solving and an avid mcuriosity and keen observation are basis traits of civil engineers.
Courses & Work Area
• Selection is mostly based on NATA (National Aptitude Test in Architecture) exam
• Ability to sketch, flexibility, patience, hard work, creative
• Design in Architecture and physical planning
• B.Arch 5 Years
– Landscape Architecture
– Naval Architecture
– Civil Engg
– Surveyors/Site Engineers
• Master of Design [M.Des] – IIT, Delhi
• School of Planning & Architecture, Delhi
– Planning (Urban, Regional, Environment, Transport)
– Landscape Architecture
– Building Engg & Management

ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

Introduction
• Engineers apply the theories and principles of science – physics, chemistry and mathematics for finding economical solutions to technical problems. They also have to determine the overall effectiveness, cost, reliability and safety. Electronic and Telecommunication Engineers
• Electronic engineers have been involved in the invention, design, construction and operation of electronic systems and devices. Telecommunication engineers are involved in the designing, manufacture and operation of telecommunication devices.
Working Conditions
• Work environment depends on the industry in which they work. Some engineers might be involved in sales and marketing jobs that involve travelling and dealing with market research personnel, agents and users.
Personality
• Analytical mind, strong problem solving abilities, sound mathematical and scientific foundation and a desire to be in constant pursuit of knowledge is required for success in engineering.
Courses & Work Area
• IIT-JEE & AIEEE
• Technological Institute of Textiles & Science, Bhiwani
• BITS, Pilani (BITSAT)
• National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
• Manipal Institute of Technology
• Indian Institute of Fire Engg, Nagpur
• Electronic & Telecom Engg
– Space & Defence
– Industrial Products
– Commercial Products
– Electronic Components
• Jobs
– R&D, Production, Servicing, Sales & Marketing, Teaching
• +2 or Diploma
– B.E/B.Tech M.Tech through GATE
• Electronics & Computer Science, Electronics &
Communications, Electronics & Control, Electronics &
Instrumentation
• Electronics & Telematics
• Electronics & Electrical Communication
• Electronics & Telecommunication
• Electronics & Power

• Electronics & Information

 MINING

Introduction
• Involved in finding the source of valuable mineral deposits located beneath the earth’s surface or water and are involved in removing them in the most economical way separating as much as possible of the work less materials from the valuable.
• Whole process involved planning, designing, safety operation, excavation of minerals and their transportation, maintenance of mines, air circulation and removal of toxic gases from the mines.
Working Conditions
• They need to work in small and remote areas. They have to work in difficult conditions when in underground mines and also face danger of the hazards mining poses. Working in artificial light, poor
ventilation, in humid atmosphere can be tough.
Personality
• Patience, responsible approach to work, endurance are critical asserts of mining engineers

PETROLEUM

Introduction
• Petroleum engineers apply the principles of geology, physics and engineering sciences for the recovery development and processing of petroleum. Exploration work involves locating oil and gas sources.
Working Conditions
• Work includes design work, cost estimates, scheduling and supervision.
Personality
• They work in oil exploration on the high seas, forests, deserts, plains and mountains. They must have curiosity to understand the complex ways of handling a task, an eye for detail, an ability to take responsibility and work with a team.
Courses & Work Area
• Oil Exploration & Production
• Refinery & Marketing
• Petro-Chemical & downstream units
• Production, Refining, Transportation, Marketing
• PG Dip/B.Tech
– Petroleum
– Industrial Chemistry, Oil Fats & Waxes, Paints & Varnishes
Courses & Work Area
• Mining & Petroleum Engineers
– Recovery & Processing of Petroleum
– Finding Resource of valuable mineral deposits
– Petroleum: Planning & Exploration, Design, Excavation,
Refining, R&D, Environment Protection, Sales
• Geoscience Engineers
– Formation of oil contents in rocks
– Petrophysical specialist, Field petroleum engineer, Drilling
engineer, production engineer, Reservoir engineer
• ONGC, Coal India Limited: B.E/B.Tech (Mining, Metallurgy)
• Indian School of Mines
– Drilling, Fuel, Mineral, Mine Planning, …
– Petroleum, Computer Applications
– Applied Geology/Geophysics

PLASTIC, POLYMER,RUBBER, MOULD

Introduction
• Plastic industry is the bedrock for modern industrial  civilisation. Plastic production process requires plastic/polymer engineers who oversee the production process and develop
new products. They develop plastic/polymers to replace the use of glass, wood, metals, to create economical options or to cut on risks eg. Creating fire resistant plastics.
• Rubber technology is about designing new product applications with synthetic rubber e.g new fibre combinations, new adhesives, formulation of rubber and plastic compounds for
fabrication of products capable of flexibility, wear, traction.
Working Conditions
• Plastic engineers have varying work locations, along with interactions with customers.
Personality
• Good mechanical aptitude and scientific acumen are required. Imagination, creativity are required for developing new products and in devising new uses of the basic product.
• Based on the type of ships, we need to adapt to our work. Old ships are not of excellent shape.
Courses & Work Area

PLASTICS & MOULD TECHNOLOGY

Course : Diploma in Plastics Mould Technology.
Eligibility : 12th Pass. (at least 70%)
Duration : 3 years
Cost : Rs.7000/- to Rs..10,000 per year.
Scope : Jobs in Plastic & Mould industry.
Foreign jobs - Singapore, Malaysia
Further Education - PG
Institution : Central Institution of Plastics

Engineering and Technology,Hebbal, Mysore.
TOOL & DIE MAKING
Course : Diploma in Tool & Die Making
Eligibility : 10th Pass / +2. ( Good %)
Duration : 4 years. (8 semesters)
Cost : Rs. 5,000 - 15,000/ per year.
Scope : Tool & Die making Industry Jobs.
Good Jobs India & Abroad. (Malaysia)
Further studies.
Colleges : Govt. Tool Room & Training center,(GTTC)

Nettur Tech. Training Foundation (NTTF).
• B.E/B.Tech
• PG Dip in Plastic Engineering / Processing & Testing / Mould Design
Institutes
• Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology, Chennai

CERAMIC

Introduction
• Ceramic engineers and scientists have acquired a better understanding of the uses of clay and other earthen
substances. Many industries like brick, cement, tile, pipe depend on ceramic materials.
• Ceramic engineers work with highly advanced materials which have been produced by complex chemical processes while ceramic artists and craftspeople use clay and sand for basic
ceramic materials.
Working Conditions
• They are involved in research, design, production and testing. Technologists may work in plants and factories, researchers work in laboratories, research institutes, and universities
Personality
• Logical thinking, analytical outlook, a good understanding of chemistry are only the beginning of a career in ceramics.
Courses & Work Area
• Better understanding of use of clay and other earthen substances

• Research, Design, Production, Sales

TEXTILE

Introduction
• Textile industry has three major categories of workers those who work in R& D, manufacturing, and in merchandising. Textile technology involves processing, texturisation and mechanisation.
Working Conditions & Personality
• The work of engineers and technologists involves handling a succession of highly technical problems in a wide variety of situations. The job requires problem solving, analytical thinking and team work.
Courses & Work Area
• R&D (Test for durability), Fabric Strength
• Production & Quality Control
• Customer Sales & Service
• Stages
– Yarn Preparation
– Yarn Production
– Weaving or Knitting
– Dyeing & Finishing
– Processing the fibre, Texturisation (techniques for dyeing, bleaching), Mechanisation (Develop machines)
• The Synthetic & Art Silk Mills Research Association

PACKAGING

Introduction
• Packaging directors or coordinators are increasingly needed in industry.
Personality
• It is highly desirable that the executive in charge of packaging must either know or have access to technical
knowledge on the materials and methods for constructing packages.
Courses & Work Area
• Combines Many Skills
• Marketing, Machines, Materials Considered for packaging
• Textiles/Glass/Wooden/Plastic/…
Institutes
• Indian Institute of Packaging Technology

LEATHER

• Leather industry has 2 main areas – the processing of raw leather to finished leather ready for the manufacturing industries and design, production and marketing of finished leather goods. Leathern technologists are trained in the treatment of animal skin and are involved in directing and supervising the processing of raw hide.
Working Conditions
• Leather technologists work in tanneries. The work is practical and can be messy particularly at the stage of processing of the hides and skin. If tanneries are not modernised, it might have noxious smell.
Personality
• The work of technologists requires adaptability, problem solving skills, scientific acumen (mainly chemistry) and practical ability in manufacturing industries. Aptitude for managing people is needed. Good communication skills are required for written reports and verbal communication.
Courses & Work Area
• Leather Tanning
– Processing hides of goats, …
• Production
• Research & Quality Control
• Marketing & Sales
• Leather Product Manufacturing
Institutes
• Footwear Tech
– NIFT, New Delhi
– CLRI, Chennai
– Footwear Design & Development Institute, Noida
– Central Footwear Training Institute, Agra

RAILWAY

Introduction
• The Indian Railways has a team of Engineering professionals from the core branches of Engineering to manage the planning and expansion work, the production units, maintenance, and engineering services related to the functioning of the railways
Courses & Work Area
• Indian Railway Service of
– Mechanical Engineers (IRSME)
– Signal Engineers (IRSSE)
– Electrical Engineers (IRSEE)
– Engineers (IRSE)
• Indian Railway Stores Service
• Engineering Services Exam by UPSC
Institutes
• Institute of Permanent Way Engineers
• Institute of Rail Transport

TECHNICIANS

Introduction
• Engineering technicians assist engineers and scientists in assembly, repair and experiment oriented tasks. These are highly technical skilled operations involving a basic understanding a theoretical concepts and focus on functional precision and accuracy which the task requires. Engineering technicians study for a diploma.
Working Conditions
• Technicians work on shop floor, in research labs and in clients premises. The task is often strenuous as it requires skill, precision and patience. In chemical factories, the job can be hazardous with toxic fumes while in air-conditioning the task could involve significant amount of outdoor work often in the hot summer
Personality
• Technicians need mathematical and mechanical aptitude. They should be able to interpret abstract concepts, apply scientific principles from the design stage to the manufacturing processes.
Courses & Work Area
• Aeronautical Engineering Technician
• Air-Condition & Refrigerator Technician
• Automobile Servicing Technician
• Appliances Servicing Technician
• Chemical Engineering Technician
• Civil Engineering Technician
• Computer/Telecommunication Engineering Technician
• Electronic Engineering Technician
• Mechanical Engineering Technician
• Marine Services Technician
• Plastic Technician
Courses & Work Area
• Civil Architecture,
– Craftsman, Draughtsman, Public health engineers, Highway engineers.
• Mechanical Mining, Automobile, Industrial and production.
• Electrical
• Electronics Telecommunication.
• Chemical Petrochemical.
• Marine Certificate from Mercantile Marine Department
• Agriculture/Soil/Water
• Refrigerator/AC/Tractor/Lathe/Welder
• Timber Engineering
• Metallurgy
• Textile
• Rubber/Glass Technology
Courses & Work Area
• Maritime
– International Maritime Institute
– B.Sc (Nautical Science)
– Lal Bahadar Shastri Nautical & Engg College, Mumbai.
• Granite (Cutting / Polishing)
– B.E (Mining)
• Printing
– Dip in Printing Technology
– B.E in Printing Technology
– Certificates as Cameraman/Printing/Composing
 Pulp & Paper Engineering/Fibre/Wood Technology
 Sugar/Oil/Food Technology Industrial Tribology
Nuclear Engineering
Institutes, Courses & Work Area
• Anna University
– Applied Science (M.Sc.)
– Town Planning (M.T.P.)
– Remote Sensing (M.Tech)
• BIT, Ranchi
• BITS, Pilani
• Thapar Institute of Engg & Tech, Patiala
– Engg Branches
• Cochin Univ of Sci & Tech, Cochin
– Polymer Tech, Atmospheric Science
• IISc, Bangalore – M.Tech (Mgt Sci)
• JNTU, Hyderabad
– M.Tech in Urban & Regional Planning, Textile Tech, Foundry- Forge Tech, Mineral Processing , Textiles, M.E (Public Health)

 BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS & BIOTECHNOLOGY

• GENETIC SCIENTISTS
• BIOCHEMISTRY
• MICROBIOLOGY &
BIOINFORMATICS
• ANTHROPOLOGY
• CHEMISTRY
• PHYSICS
• GEOLOGY
• GEOGRAPHY & GIS
• MATHEMATICS &
STATISTICS
• METEOROLOGY
• OCEANOGRAPHY
• DAIRY & POULTRY
FARMING
• FISHERY
• FORESTRY & WILD LIFE
• FOOD PROCESSING
• FOOD TECHNOLOGY
• FORESTRY
• HOME SCIENCE & HOME
ECONOMICS
• NUTRITIONISTS &
DIETICIANS
• FOOD TECHNOLOGY
• FORENSIC SCIENCE
• HORTICULURE
• ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE

CHEMISTRY & ALLIED FIELDS 

Introduction
• Chemistry is a study of substances, their properties, structures and transformations. Chemists study what substances aremade of and how they can be combined to make new materials.
Working Conditions
• The job of chemical scientists depends on the area of specialisation. The study involves chemical analysis, synthesis, research and sampling of solids, liquids or gases for determining their composition, properties, physical and chemical changes.
Personality
• Chemistry as a subject for higher study requires a strong scientific base. Scientists involve themselves a lot of experimental work in laboratories as well as researchingthrough theoretical data.
Personality
• The jobs chemical scientists are involved in are related to industries manufacturing diverse products, hence the work environment is highly variable. Nevertheless, in the production of chemicals and allied products there is a significant amount of risk in handling poisonous chemicals.
Courses & Work Area
• Chemical in Drug industry, food industry, plastics, …
• Organic/Inorganic/Physical/Analytical/Industrial Chemists
• Chemical Engineers (Process)
• Chemical Engineering Technician (Production)
• Chemical Technician (R&D)
• Non-Production Jobs

PHYSICS & ALLIED FIELDS 

Career & Course Options after 10TH & Plus 2
Introduction
• Physics is a fundamental science and for this reason most other scientists need to study the subject. Chemists, engineers, biologists, as well as doctors need a basic understanding of physics, Astrophysics, Geophysics, Medical physics, Nuclear physics, Meteorology, Astronomy and Biophysics are specialized fields.
Working Conditions
• The job of physicists involves working with mathematical and statistical scientists and is very closely integrated with the work of engineers. It is often difficult to distinguish between the role of engineers and physicists in highly technical fields.
• Physicists work in the laboratory and where equipments designed by them is installed. Industry based jobs require frequent visits to the technical section besides the laboratory.
Personality
• Physicists are quite like all other scientists. Their job requires working with details. Interest in scientific
phenomena, patience, perseverance, precision, an inclination to search for real solutions is the strength of all
physicists.
Courses & Work Area
• Geophysicists
• Biophysicists
• Medical Physicists
• Experimental Physicists
• Astrophysicists
• Astronomy

MATHEMATICS & STATISTICS 

Career & Course Options after 10TH & Plus 2
Introduction
• Mathematics is needed by people in all works of life, to try and sell, to figure costs, to calculate real interest rates on loans, to fill out income-tax forms, to prepare recipes and in a host of other ways.
Working Conditions
• Mathematics is a study of form, structure, operations, and relationships. The work of Mathematicians and Statisticians is office based. The job is essentially a desk job with extensive use of the computer and follows a normal weekly schedule.

Personality
• A career in any of the mathematical sciences, including mathematics, statistics, computer science, physical sciences, engineering and other mathematically oriented fields such as actuarial work or accounting requires an aptitude of mathematics. You should enjoy working with figures and solving problems, and should be able to think abstractly as well as concretely.
Operations Research - Introduction
• Mathematics applies itself to operation research. Mathematical models are applied to management and operational data to solve problems.
• Operations Research is generally a team work and ORA are required for a variety of work related issues.

Working Conditions
• This is an indoor work and required long periods of close concentration on mathematical formulae and their application to specific management concerns Mathematics is needed by people in all works of life, to try and sell, to figure costs, to calculate real interest rates on loans, to fill out income-tax forms, to prepare recipes and in a host of other ways.
Personality
• Excellent mathematical skills and love for mathematics is essential. Analytical and problem solving skills are required.
Courses & Work Area
• Bachelor/Master/Diploma in
– Mathematical Statistics, Mathematical Applied
– Mathematics Pure, Statistical Methods, Statistical Applied
Courses & Work Area
• Theoretical/Applied/Consultant Mathematicians
• Vedic Mathematics
• Statistics In Enterprise Resource Planning & Decision
Making
• Computing & Maths
• Finance, Medical, Commerce, Planning Commission
• Indian Statistical Service (ISS) UPSC after postgraduation
• Operations Research Analyst
– Solution with Maths;
– Masters in Operations Research
Institutes
• Chennai Mathematical Institute, Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research (TIFR), Indian Statistical Institute (ISI)

GEOLOGY 

Introduction
• Geology is the Science which studies the earth’s history, composition and structure. The term geosciences is used to cover all geological disciplines as each of the geological scientists involve themselves in multidisciplinary work. It includes geochemistry, geophysics, sedimentation, economic geology, and engineering geology as well as historical geology which relates to the study of history of the earth’s
crust by studying the formation of rocks, geophysicists use the principles of physics and mathematics to study the earth’s internal composition, surface and atmosphere and also magnetic, electrical and gravitational forces. Geochemistry is the study of chemical composition of the Earth.
Working Conditions
• A geologist’s work can be laboratory based or field based. Most geologists work or supervise exploration work at a variety of sitesdeserts, land forms, ocean floors, riverbeds, mountains, etc. Field jobs involve travelling and working outdoors often in difficult situations.
Personality
• Geologist’s need scientific acumen along with the power of observation, analysis, logic and a spirit of investigation. Good numerical aptitude, clarity and precision in dealing with data of various types is needed.
Courses & Work Area
• Study/Preservation/Clean-up of Environment
• Geochemistry Study of composition of earth
• Marine/Petroleum Geologists, Mineralogists, Geohydrologists,
Hydrologists, Paleontologists (Fossils), Seismologists, Stratigraphers (Study of sedimentary rock), Engg Geology, Environmental Geology (waste disposal), Geochromologists (Use radio-active dating), Geomorphologists (study of earth surface), surveyors
– Selection via UPSC Exam

GEOGRAPHERS

Introduction
• Geographers study the distribution and location of physical and cultural phenomena at the local, regional and global scale. Specialists in geography are concerned in understanding and
studying the impacts of economics or even planned delivery programmes on physical and human landscapes.
• GIS is a technology that attaches a database to an electronic map. GIS technology can be used for scientific investigations, resource management and development planning.
Working Conditions
• Geographers working in various sectors study the distribution of soils and its mineral content, vegetation, landforms, climate and water resources. Geographers spend time in the field
while collecting data but most of their time is spent in an office where they collate and analyse information.
Personality
• Geographers must have acumen to handle statistical data. Observation, skill for drawing inferences based on compiled information, writing reports and making judgements will be required.
Courses & Work Area
• Physical, Human, Medical, Cartography (Maps preparation),
Urban, Regional, Economic, Political
• Cartography – data for maps
• GIS (Geographic Information System)
• M.Sc (Cartography) – University of Madras
• Diploma (Cartography) – Aligarh Muslim University

METEOROLOGY 

Introduction
• Meteorology is the science related to the study of the atmosphere. Meteorologists study the atmosphere, monitoring and analysing its changes to make interpretations and predictions for the benefit of man. They work in several areas besides weather forecasting. They research radioactive fall out, the dynamics of hurricanes, ozone levels in the stratosphere or work in radio and televised weather bulletins.
Working Conditions
• Most of the work is done in weather labs in comfortable moffices. Weather stations are located in many places which may not always be in large cities.
Personality
• Meteorologists often work under pressure with constraints of time for meeting deadlines particularly while reporting severe weather systems. Their work demands accuracy.
Courses & Work Area
• Study of atmosphere (predict winds, temperature)
• Aviation Meteorology
• Industrial Meteorology (Pollution)
• Physical Meteorology

OCEANOGRAPHY 

Introduction
• With the need for complete and optimum utilisation of natural resources attention has been drawn to the resources under the sea. They study the seas, its coastline, estuaries, coastal waters, shelves and the ocean bed. Their work incorporates the scientific knowledge of biology, chemistry, physics, geology, geophysics and the application of mathematics, engineering science along with the use of computers.
Working Conditions
• Oceanographers work in onshore laboratories, offices and aquariums. The job incorporates conducting studies on samples collected from the sea, preparing plans for sea trips and teaching.
Personality
• The work requires an enquiring mind, good observation, ability to deal with details and meticulous work.
Courses & Work Area
• Che, Bio, Phy, Geological, Marine (Find Petroleum/Mineral Deposits)
• Bachelors/Masters in Marine Chemistry / Marine Science /
Marine Bio-Tech
BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS  AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biological Scientists
• Biological scientists work in varied environments ranging from rigorous outdoor conditions to exacting lab work. Biologists work with toxic substances undertake risk and hence have to exercise great care.
Personality & Working Conditions
• Biological scientists must have an above average aptitude in the understanding of biological, chemical and mathematical concepts. Most of the job is of observation and systematic study hence a systematic approach coupled with patience and curiosity are essential to sustain one through long periods of research and study.


Biotechnology
• A bundle of techniques applied to living cells is what we call biotechnology. The biotechnologist engineers these living cells to produce a particular product of improved quality. nBiotechnology is the exploitation of natural resources at the microbial and molecular level for the benefit of mankind.
Working Conditions
• Biotechnologists largely work in laboratories to conduct scientific research. Sometimes, they need to travel to different scientific centres due to the diversified nature of work.
Personality
• Biotechnology requires intense hard work, perservance and challenge for achieving results. A very bright academic profile with scientific bent of mind is required
Courses & Work Area
• Anatomists (Tissue), Aquatic Biologists (life under water), Agronomist (Crop production), Bio-informatics (informationn from database), Cytologists (Cells), Biochemistry, Biophysics, Curator (Museum), Ecologists, Entomologists (Pests), Geneticists, Microbiologists, Ornithologists (Birds), Pisciculturist (Fish Culture), Mycologist (Control Fungi)
• Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
• Bio-Technology: Inter-discipline in Bio-Science, Bio- Chemistry, Chemical Science, Biological Engineering,
Engineering Science, Chemical Engineering.
– Combined Entrance Exam for M.Tech / M.Sc. / M.Sc(Agri)
/ M.V.Sc
• Molecular Biology
• Agricultural Bio-Technology

GENETIC SCIENTISTS

Introduction
• Genetics is the study of heredity. Genetic scientists are involved in pursuing research for identifying particular genes in plant, animal and human tissue samples.
Working Conditions
• Genetic scientists work in laboratories and spend most of the time working on microscopes, computers, etc.
Personality
• Genetic scientists have to go through a prolonged phase of higher education extending frequently beyond 6 years. Scientists in this field require brilliant mathematical and analytical skills besides knowledge of the subject. The field is one of rapid progress hence scientists with a progressive
outlook are best suited.

BIOCHEMISTRY

Introduction
• Biochemistry is a branch which is concerned with the chemistry of the biological processes. Biochemists are mainly engaged in research related to the fields of medicine, agriculture, and nutrition.
Working Conditions
• The work of biochemists is generally carried on in clean, quiet, and modern laboratories.
Personality
• Biochemists are intensively involved in research work and hence must have an inquisitive mind, perseverance and keen observation. The task often continues over long periods of time hence requires patience and tenacity.

MICROBIOLOGY & BIOINFORMATICS

Introduction
• Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms. Microbiologists study the relationships between microbes and man, animals and plants.
Working Conditions
• Microbiologists work in laboratories located in research organisations, hospitals, food and beverage industries,pharmaceuticals firms.
Personality
• An analytical and scientific temper, intense interest in research, keen observation, perseverance, and hardwork are required.

Bioinformatics

• Bioinformatics encompasses research, development and application of computational tools and aims at expanding the use of biological medical, behavioural, or health data

ANTHROPOLOGY

Introduction
• Anthropologists trace the origin and evolutionary development of man by studying the changed physical characteristics and cultural, social institutions.
Working Conditions
• Anthropologists work in educational libraries as well as in the field. Fieldwork entails working in difficult and remote areas. Physical stamina and ability to adapt to difficult situations is required.
Personality
• Interest in history, various cultures and customs of tribals and communities are required for this field.
Courses & Work Area
• Biochemists, Microbiologists, Anthropologists (Trace the origin &
evolution), Bio-informatics.
• Study of Humanity
• Physical, Socio-cultural, Archaeology

HOME SCIENCE & HOME ECONOMICS 

Introduction
• Home Science has been defined as a field of study built upon many disciplines for the purpose of achieving and maintaining the welfare and well being of home and family life in an ever changing society.
Working Conditions
• Home environment is diverse: Schools, aircraft cabins, textile printing and designing departments, hotels, hospitals, research organisations, marketing divisions, etc.
Personality
• Home Science offers varied areas for specialisation hence the work environment too is diverse. The subject is largely scientific in nature and hence requires and analytical mind the scientific acumen.
Courses & Work Area
• Dietetics & Nutrition
• Child Development
• Textile Designing
• Jobs: Toys design, Dress making, Food analysts.
• Dip in Dyeing & Prating, Dip in Food and Nutrition, Dip in
Early Childhood Care & Education
• B.Sc(Home Science)
– Textile Chemistry
– Textiles & Clothing
• PG Dip in Dietetics
• Dip in Dietetics & Public Health Nutrition
• M.Sc (Applied Nutrition)

NUTRITIONISTS & DIETICIANS

Introduction
• Nutritionists and dieticians deal with the practical means by which we can use information on diet and energy needs to improve our general health and well being. Nutritionists could be dietician, food
technologists or home economists. Dieticians especially work to assist people in all their special circumstances in life – the young, the elderly, the sick, nursing mothers, active sports person, the heath
conscious and the like.
Working Conditions
• Generally they work for regular hours and in hospitals may be required to work on weekends.
Personality
• An aptitude in science, an interest in diets and the temperament to work in a group, undertake responsibility and qualities vital for this profession.
Work Area
• Food industry/Clinical dietician

FOOD TECHNOLOGY

Food technologists
• Food technology is the study of science related to processing of food stuffs.
Working Conditions
• Food technologists work in offices, laboratories and classrooms.
Personality
• Flood technologists should have an analytical mind, must enjoy technical work and should be good in communicating.
Institute
• Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore

FOOD PROCESSING

Courses & Work Area
• Fruit Technology
• B.A/B.Tech/B.Sc (Home Science/Food Science/Food
Technology)
• Central Food Technology Research Institute, Mysore
• B.Sc (Zoology) M.Sc (Fisheries)
• Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai
• Sugar Technology
• Nutritionists & Dieticians
• Food industry/Clinical dietician
• Food Technology
• Processing & Preservation of food stuff

FORENSIC SCIENCE

Career & Course Options after 10TH & Plus 2
Introduction
• Forensic scientists scientifically analyse, identify, and classify physical evidence relating to criminal or suspected cases of crime. They work in labs.
Personality
• An aptitude for scientific and systematic investigation is required for forensic experts. An enquiring mind, logic, curiosity, systematic work habits are essential for working in this field.
Courses & Work Area
• Analyse Criminal Cases
• Forensic Odontology Based on Dental Research
• Forensic Pathology Cause of death
• Forensic Toxicology
• Forensic Psychiatry
• Forensic Fingerprint Experts
– Master/Diploma in Forensic Science
• Criminology:
– M.A, Dip at Dharwad University, Karnataka
– B.Sc. (Criminology), B.Sc. (Forensic Science) – Also Diploma.

HORTICULTURE

Career & Course Options after 10TH & Plus 2
Introduction
• Horticulture encompasses cultivation of plants, vegetables, flowers, fruits, herbs, shrubs, bushes, ornamental trees and landscaping of gardens, maintaining nurseries, green houses, gardens, orchards and plantations.
Working Conditions
• Those who work in government sector are responsible for the maintanence of parks, public gardens, official lawns, etc. Horticulturalists work in turf grass maintenance or even as consultants for large turf land. They might work in green houses, outdoors, in shops, nurseries, or golf courses or even in public gardens.
Personality
• Interest in nature, concern for the environment, love for plant life are perhaps the basic requirements for success as a horticulturist.

ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE

Career & Course Options after 10TH & Plus 2
Introduction
• Environment science concerns itself with the study of plants, flora and fauna, animals, pollution (in air, soil, water).
Working Conditions
• Environment scientists work both in the office and in the field. Field job is for surveying the complex situations causing environmental problems and may require working in unhealthy
and difficult environments.
Personality
• They must have intense concern for environment preservation, ecology and sensitivity for protection of the environment, repercussions of tissues concerning environmental degradation and pollution.
Work Area
• Land conservation, Pollution Management

DAIRY & POULTRY FARMING

Introduction
• Dairy industry must maintain strict codes of health and hygiene and thus diary plants are generally clean and
equipped with modern machines.
Personality
• The job of diary and poultry farmers requires both scientific acumen and attention for detail. Health and care of the farm animals and birds is of prime concern which requires regular attention and a well structured personal regimen.
Courses & Work Area
• Diary & Poultry Farming
• B.Sc/B.Tech in Diary Technology
• National Diary Research Institute, Warnal, Haryana

FISHERY

Introduction
• Students of fishery work in the development of fish breeding farms, or supervise fish research centres. Fishery scientists work in coastal regions on fish farms, hatcheries essentially working outdoors.
Personality
• Intense interest in marine life as well as scientific interest in propagation and preservation are required.
Courses & Work Area
• Aquatic Biology
• Fishery Science
• Capture and Culture Fisheries

FORESTRY & WILD LIFE

Career & Course Options after 10TH & Plus 2
Introduction
• Foresters working in the field work in varied terrains and weather conditions. They may even encounter hazardous conditions such as forest fires. The job can be strenuous and may require long hours of walking and driving.
Personality
• People involved with forest management and in the forest services need to be intensely interested in environment, ecology, wildlife and conservation.
Courses & Work Area
• IFS: By UPSC; Only to Science and Engg Graduates
• Forest Research Institute, Dehradun
Career

CAREERS IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES

• DEFENCE SERVICES
• MERCHANT NAVY
• COMPUTER &
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
• AGRICULTURE
Defence services, Paramilitary services, Coastal Guard
• It includes army, navy, air force, and common services. They do service to the nation. People who wish to work in these areas require sacrifice, physical strength, and appropriate mindset.
Boarder Roads
• Boarder roads organisation works in remote inaccessible, economically backward tribal areas, high snow clad mountains, thick forests, and deserts often under adverse situations.
Intelligence Services
• It has two broad categories – Government intelligence offices and
private detectives. Both require individuals with grit, courage and
discernment.
Personality
• Good health, a high intellect, a disciplined, and preserving bend of
mind are the requisite qualities.
Courses & Work Area
• Army/Navy/Air Force
– Infantry, Armoured Corps, Artillery, Technical Branch,
Medical Branch
– Postal/Education/Judge/…
• National Defence Academy UPSC Exam (Twice a year)
• Combined Defence Services Exam UPSC
• Service Selection Board (SSB)
• Paramilitary Services: CRPF, BSF, ITBP (Indo-Tibetian),
CISF (Central Industrial Security Force)
• Physical Efficiency Test (PET) is a must
• Railway PF, …
Courses & Work Area
• Technical or commercial services
– Bachelors or diploma or +2
• Coast Guard
– General duty branch Command ships
– Pilot/Navigator branch
– Engineering branch
– Electrical branch
• Border Roads
• Intelligence Services
– CBI (Selection via SSC), IB (No power to investigate, but analysis information), RAW (Research).

MERCHANT NAVY 

Introduction
• Merchant Marine vessels can be categorized into the Deck, Engine and the Steward departments each over seen by officers. The main officers on the ship are Executives or
Navigators or Engineers.
Working Conditions
• Based on the type of ships, we need to adapt to our work. Old ships are not of excellent shape.
Personality
• The jobs call for genuine interest that can help the entrant adjust with ease and confidence. The ability to withstand long stretches of hard work in an emergency situation on board a vessel and to bear the physical strain, needs a person with tough mental and physical self to sustain through such stress.
Courses & Work Area
• Chief Engineer Propulsion
• Second Engineering Officer Engine Room
• 3rd, 4th & 5th Officer Fuel & Water
• Electrical Officer
• Radio Officers Electronics In-charge
Institutes
• Using IIT-JEE
– Chanakya 3 year in Nautical Sciences
– Marine Engg Research Institute (Calcutta/Mumbai)
Courses : Certificate / Diploma courses in
Marine Radio Officer.
Deck Rating, Engine Rating.
Merchant Navy Cadets, etc..
Eligibility : Pass in +2. Age (18-24 years)
Duration : 6 months / 1 year / 2 year
Cost : not available
Scope : Jobs in shipping Companies,
Private Sector & Government Sector.

COMPUTERS & INFORMATION TECH 

Introduction
• This field covers a vast area from information technology, business and industry, knowledge management, banking and financial institutions, defence, scientific research, travel and tourism, etc.
Working Conditions
• Based on the area of working, work might be for long hours or fixed hours. Sometimes, if you work for foreign clients, you need to work according to the foreign time zone.
Personality
• The jobs require computer friendly and be interested to work on computers for long hours
Courses & Work Area
• Hardware: Computer Design/Chip
Design/Networking/Technician
• Software: Programmer/System Analyst /Application
Programmer / Electronic Data Processing Manager /
Enterprise Resource Planning
• Web: Database, Webmaster, Web Designer, E-Commerce,
M-Commerce
• B.E/M.E/B.Sc/M.Sc/M.C.A.
Institutes
• Electronics Research & Development Centre of India (ER &
DCI) + Roorkee M.Tech
• VLSI Design & Research Centre, Pune
• Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC)

AGRICULTURE

Career & Course Options after 10TH & Plus 2
Introduction
• Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy.
Working Conditions
• Farming depends on weather conditions and hence could be both challenging and demanding.
Personality
• Agriculturalists work in production, research, business and trade, in banking and finance, in journalism, etc. For each area of work, personal qualities need to match the job
requirements.
Work Area
• Horticulture (Cultivation)

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS 

Introduction
• Concerned with application of engineering principles and practices to all areas related to agriculture. It is essentially a hybrid of engineering and agricultural sciences with major engineering characteristics.
• Besides developing new design for equipments and machines used by the agriculture and food industry they coordinate with electronic/electrical engineers for perfecting the technology of the equipments.
• They are required on irrigation projects, for planning agriculture based industries, projects, drainage systems, land reclamation projects, and for flood control and soil erosion
projects.
Personality
• Must have knowledge of physical science and engineering principles and enough mathematical background to work with these principles. A robust physique, love for mechanical workand a liking for outdoors is required.
• Ability to work as a team.
• Ability to sustain unpleasant work conditions, work in fields which sometimes may be dirty.
• A good health & reasonable physical fitness for carrying outtasks related to business, industry and farming.
• Diplomacy, positive attitude, good vocabulary and ability tohandle science
Courses & Work Area
• Apply principles of engineering to agricultural industries,food processing; Interact with agricultural scientists
• B.Tech or M.Tech
• Agricultural engineering. Duration: 4 – 5 years .
Eligibility: Pass in 12th under the 10+2 system or an equivalent
exam with Physics, Chemistry, Maths and English.
• BSc. – Agricultural Sciences. Duration : 4years
Eligibility : Pass in 12th under the 10+2 system or an equivalent exam with Physics, Chemistry, Biology and English or Agriculture
Group.
Institutes
• National Diary Development Board
• NABARD
• Food Corporation of India

CAREERS IN MEDICINE

• MBBS / BUMS / BHMS / BNYS
/ BAMS
• DENTAL SCIENCES
• PARAMEDICAL SCIENCES
• NURSING
• PHYSICAL OCCUPATIONAL,
ORTHOTIC AND
PROSTHETIC
• SPEECH THERAPISTS AND
AUDIOLOGISTS
• MEDICAL TRANSCRIPTION
• HEALTHCARE AND
HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
• MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS -
RADIOGRAPHERS &
OPTOMETRISTS
• PHARMACY
• DARK ROOM ASSISTANT
• VETERINARY SCIENCE

MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY

Introduction
• Physicians work in rural or government hospitals and clinics have to work under stringent conditions where as in private hospitals the work environment matches that of corporate
comforts.
Working Conditions
• Medical profession is one of intense mental activity. The study of medicine is long drawn and the training is extensive which demands sustained interest and acumen for hard work.
Homeopathic Medicine – Ayurvedic and Unani
• Requires good mental ability and aptitude to logical thinking
PARA-MEDICAL COURSES -1
Career & Course Options after 10TH & Plus 2
Para-Medical Courses
• Nursing profession is one which demands unstinted dedication.
Patience, professional commitment, orderliness in work, responsibility, punctuality are essential characteristics for the nursing professionals.
Physical Occupational, Orthotic and Prosthetic
• Work goes in clinical setting. They work with equipments which are placed generally in location which endures freedomof movement.
Personality
• They require varied skills to deal with patients, handle equipment and to work in different environments. The work demands an organised and systematic way of working. Based on the type of ships, we need to adapt to our work. Old ships are not of excellent shape.
Speech Therapists and Audiologists
• They work in hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, etc.
Personality
• They work with people of all ages. Adapting to the needs of patients from different age groups requires tremendous patience and understanding. Clarity of verbal language, diction and tone are important for this profession. Work goes in clinical setting. They work with equipments which are placed generally in location which endures freedom of movement.
Perfusionist
• Trained health professional who operates the heart-lung machine during cardiac surgery and other surgeries that require cardiopulmonary bypass.
• B.Sc & PG Diploma
Career
Medical Transcription
• Office simulated work.
Personality
• Ability to sit and work for long hours in one place is required.
Medical transcriptionists must have a good command over
English, an ability to understand and transcribe American speech loaded with medical terminology, ability to understand diverse accents, dialectical variations and others.
Healthcare and Hospital Management
• Job is office based with constant visits to various hospital
departments and community centres.
Personality
• Ability to deal with people from diverse backgrounds is an
essential quality of hospital administration.
Institutes
• Apollo Hospital (Hyderabad)
• Covai Medical College
• Ramachandra Medical College

Medical Technologists – Radiographers and Optometrists

• Work in hospitals, clinics, etc.
Personality
• They need to have a scientific bend of mind. Diagnosis requires the use of diagnostic equipment for radiological, pathological, biochemical or microbial and opthalmological investigations. Precision, accuracy and meticulous handling is essential for carrying on the job.

Pharmacists

• They work in hospitals, retail/wholesale medical shops and
research institutes.
Personality
• They must have scientific bend of mind and should have
interest in medicine.
Courses & Work Area
• MBBS / MD / MS / DM / MCh
• BDS / MDS
• For Foreign Graduates, National Board of Examinations
• Homoeopathic Medicine – BHMS
• Ayurvedic & Unani Medicine
• Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry
• B.V.Sc. & A.H. (Bachelor Degree in Veterinary Science
and Animal Husbandry).
• Nursing
– Dip in Nursing
– B.Sc (Nursing)
– Certificate in General Nursing
– All India Admission Tests

Paramedical

Courses & Work Area
• Physical & Occupations Therapists, Orthotic & Prosthetic
Tech
– Lib Injuries & body movements
– Bachelors in Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy,
Prosthetics & Orthotics, Audiology and Speech language
Pathology, Hearing Language & Speech, Visual
Impairment
• Physiotherapy:
• All India Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
• Refractionist
• Speech Therapists & Audiologists
– Deal with hearing problem
• Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for hearing handicapped,
Bandra, Mumbai
Courses & Work Area
• Medical Technologists: Lab
• Lab Technician
• Optometrists: Visual Defects
• Opthalmic Assistant Course
• Optician Vaccinator
• Pharmacists
– Retail, industrial, research
– D.Pharm, B.Pharm, M.Pharm, Pharm.D
• Health Care & Hospital Management
– In charge of facilities
– Masters in Hospital Administration
Courses & Work Area
• Indian Council of Medical Research Fellowships
• Dental Auxiliary: Certificates (2 Years)
– Dental Mechanics Certificate
– Dental Hygienist Certificate
• Medical Record Technician
• Vaccinator
• Dark Room Assistant
• Radiographers: X-Ray
• Diagnostic Radiographer
• Therapeutic Radiographer
• Sanitary Inspector: Check Water, …
• Combined Medical Services Exam or UPSC
Courses & Work Area
• B.Sc: Diary Technology, Fisheries, Sericulture, Agriculture
Marketing & Co-op
• B.Tech (Food Sciences)
• Medical Transcription
– Make report based on recorded message
– Medical Transcriptionists Training
– Regal Information Technology, New Delhi
: Diploma / Bachelor’s Courses
Medical Lab Tech, X-Ray Tech,
Operation Theater Tech, Cardiac
Perfusion Tech, Health Inspector,
Dialysis Technology, Medical Records
Tech.
Eligibility : 50% in 2nd PUC.
Duration : 2 years/ 3 years
Cost : Min : Rs. 2600/- per year.
Max : 15,000/-
Scope : Jobs in Hospitals, Private Clinics,
Nursing homes, Govt. jobs, etc..
Excellent jobs in foreign. (Huge pay)
Further Studies
: Bachelor’s / Master’s Courses in any
other Paramedical sciences.
Part time Jobs
: Rs.2500/- ( minimum).