Binomial nomenclature

GivenbyLinnaeus Universal name or scientific name or Biological name of an animal / plant. Irdea of binomenclature first given by Gaspard bauhin in his book "pinex Theory Botany" later Linnaeus applied it as Linnaen Principles'

Ø      species planterum:5900 plants have given scientific name.

Ø      Systema naturae:4232animals have given scientific name.

Ø      ICBN established in 1961.

Ø      ICZN established in 1969.

The name of living object must consist two words-First word generic name,Second word specific name

Eg.Cow-Bos indica

Buffalo-Bubalis indica

Black rai-Brassica nigra

Makoi-Solanum nigra

1. Biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics. They are Latinised or derived from Latin irrespective of their origin.

2. The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second component denotes the specific epithet.

3. Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten, are separately underlined, or printed in italics to indicate their Latin origin.

4. The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter while the specific epithet starts with a small letter

Ex Albizia lebback (Linn) Benth

(3) ln case an organism has been given more then one name, the earlier legitimate one recognised to be valid.

(4) The long and difficult name should be avoided, means the name of species should be smaller and easy to pronounce.

(5) The species should not be identified due to its size.

(6) The colour should not be criteria for differences but the name should refer to some important characters of the Plant or animal.

(7) The correct and original spelling of a name should be maintained

(8) Homonyms and superfluous name can be rejected

Note :

(i) lf two or more taxa are combined in to one the new taxon takes the name of the constituent that had the oldest valid name.

(ii) lf a taxon be split in two or more taxa, then one of the new taxa should be given old name

(iii) Tautonyms : lf both generic and specific word are same, then called tautonyms and not accepted in botanical binomial nomenclature while used frequentaly in zoological binomial nomenclature earlier.

Ex : Buffalo - Bubalis bulabis

Rat - Raffus raffus

Advantage of the binomial system

(i) The biological name are same all over the world.

(ii) They are uniformly binomial

(iii) They are definite and accepted universally

(iv) They are descriptive

(v) They indicate general relationship

(vi) An incorrect name can be easily set right

(vii) All newly discovered plants and animals can be named an discribed easily

Trinomenclature : Proposed by Strekland

Third part of name is used in nomenclature that is subspecies.

For ex. Corvus splendense Corvus splendense

Corvus splendense isolense

Note : ICBN be only applicable in the case of wild plants and not in crops or cultivated plants hence there is another code for crop plant that is ICNCP